Themedicoswale

An intensive care unit or icu , CCU is a area in hospital where the patient with life threatening condition and injury are cared with the use of medical skills of medical , nursing and other experienced health personnel. Classification of ICU Classification based on qualified staff , complexity of care delivery , types of patients and  speciality. 1. Level 1 ICU:- Level 1 ICU located in the small hospital and provide resuscitation for short time less than 24 hours. 2. Level 2 ICU:- Level 2 ICU is  located in larger hospital and provide multisystem support but lack with advanced therapy. 3. Level 3 ICU:- Level 3 ICU is located in larger hospital with capabilities of multisystem comprehensive critical care for prolonged period with advanced therapy and highly qualified medical personnel's. 4. Open ICU :- Open ICU is group in which critically ill patients treated and managed by different specialist. 5. Closed ICU:- Closed ICU is the group which is managed by qualified critical ca...

Poliomyelitis is highly contagious disease and mainly affects the nervous system after affecting nervous system it can result in permanent paralysis. Causative agent:- It is caused by the virus poliovirus. Etiology:- This virus is transmitted from person to person through fecal matter .it mainly affects the young child , pregnant women and person   with week immune system. This virus also spread through contaminated food or direct contact with infected person. Pathophysiology:- Virus enter in the body                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |       ...

Cataract is the opacity and cloudiness of lens and it is responsible for vision disability. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Classification:- There are three types of cataract  1. Traumatic 2. Congenital 3. Senile cataract Risk factors :- Cataract is depend on several factors for formation. 1. Age -loss of lens transparency due to increased age - increase in sodium and calcium levels - Decreased oxygen uptake - clumping and aggregation of lens protein - Decreased in level of vitamin c, protein and glutathione - accumulation of yellow brown pigment due to lens breakdown. 2. Ocular condition - infection - myopia  - Retinal detachment  -  Retinitis  3. Toxic factors - Alkaline chemical eye burns  - poision  - use of Aspirin - calcium , copper , iron , gold ,silver and Mercury  - cigarette smoking - ionising radiation - corticosteroid 4. Nutritional Factors - obesity - poor nutrition - Reduced levels of antioxidants 5. Physical Fa...

Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid gland which is situated below and in front of ears .it may affect one or both parotid gland. Causative agent:- Mumps is caused by mumps virus. Etiology :- It is spread through when an infected person sneeze or cough then its droplets get suspended in the air and can enter the body of another person through eyes, nose, or mouth and sharing of food and drink can also spread mumps . Incubation period :- The incubation period is 2-3weeks. Pathophysiology:- Transmission of infection (by droplets/direct contact)                        |                        |                        |                        |                        | Re...

Influenza is a highly infectious disease and also known as flu. Causative agent:- Influenza is caused by influenza virus. Classification of influenza:- They are classified into three types A, B and C type. Etiology:- Influenza is transmitted by Direct contact with contaminated birds infected with this virus. In all classification of influenza influenza type A (H1N1) is more pathogenic . infection can also be spread when infected person coughs or sneeze, droplets get spread  in the air and a healthy person inhale those aerosol. Incubation period:- Incubation period of influenza ranges from 1 to 4 days. Pathophysiology:- Direct contact with infected animal or person                              |                              |                              | ...

Myocardial infarction is also called heart attack. In myocardial infarction the clot is formed in coronary arteries of heart and it causes lack of blood supply to heart and due to lack of oxygen ischemia and necrosis of myocardium cells occur and lack of oxygen results in infraction or death of cells. Etiology:-  1. Use of tobacco products 2. Living in extremely hot or cool  3. Smoking  4. Atherosclerosis 5. High BMI 6. Extreme fat level Pathophysiology:- Pathophysiology are described in a picture Clinical manifestations:- 1. Sudden or continue chest pain. 2. Shortness of breath 3. Indigestion 4.nausea 5. Anxiety 6. Skin may be cool ,pale and moist  7. Faster heart rate  8. Faster respiratory rate Diagnosis:- 1.patient history:- 2. Electrocardiogram 3. Echocardiogram 4. Laboratory test :-  specially Troponin ,creatine kinase and isoenzymes, myoglobin. Management:- After suspect MI care should be started immediately. Initially management:- 1. Oxy...