Filariasis

Filariasis is an infectious caused by nematode worms and it is transmitted to human by mosqitoes.

Classification of filariasis:-

The classification is based on the area infected by worms are.

1. Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis) :-

It affects lymph nodes and lymphatic system.

Causative agent:-

Wuchereria Bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori.

2. Subcutaneous filariasis:-

If affects the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

Causative agent:-

Subcutaneous filariasis is caused by Loa loa, mansonella strepocerca , and onchocerca volvulus.

3. Serous cavity filariasis:-

It affects the serous cavity of abdomen.

Causative agent:- 

Serous cavity filariasis is transmitted by mansonella perstans and mansonella ozzardi.

Transmitting agents:-

The culex ,Aedes , mansonia or anopheles mosqitoes are commonly transmitting agents .

Pathophysiology :-

Bite by infected mosquito

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Movement of microfilaria into lymph nodes and lymphatic system

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The worm now Development into adult worms

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Adult parasite produces microfilaria

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Circulation of microfilaria into peripheral blood

Clinical manifestations :-

The filariasis infection are asymptomatic 

But it cause demage to the lymphatic system , kidneys and immune system.

In Elephantiasis , the edema and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues are the major symptoms.

It basically affect the lower extremities like arms , legs ,vulva , breasts and scrotum.

Diagnosis :-

1. Physical examination

2 . The fingerprick test is mostly done in case of filariasis 

3. Skin smare

4. Immunoglobulin test

5. Circulating filaria antigen (CFA) test.

Medical management:-

1. Mass drug administration reduce the transmission of filariasis and disease morbidity by decreasing the burden of microfilaria and Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Is recommended for mass therapy.

2. Medicine like albendazole and ivermectin are used to interpret the transmission of w. Bancrofti.

3. Good hygiene of infected parts 

4.The affected limb should be kept elevated and regular exercise should be done to improve lymph flow.

Prevention :-

1. Use of mosquito repellent Cream and nets.

2. Elimination breeding areas of mosquito.

3. Sanitation can help  to prevention from filariasis.

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