Pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is the infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs parenchyma and it may also transmitted to other parts of body like meninges, kidney,bones and lymph nodes.

Cause :-

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the infectious agent which produces tb but sometimes mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium rarely associated with development of tb .

Pathophysiology:-

Mycobacterium tubercule bacilli

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Inflammation in alveoli

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Tb specific lymphocytes and Normal tissue destroy by bacilli

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Accumulation of exudate in alveoli

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                              Bronchopneumonia

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Form fibrous tissue mass

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Liquefaction

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Symptoms of TB

Clinical manifestations:-

1. Low grade fever

2. Cough

3.night sweats

4. Fatigue

5.weight loss

6. Sputum

7. Anorexia

Diagnosis:-

1. History of patient

2. Physical examination

3. AFB ( acid fast bacilli)/ Tuberculin skin test.

4.chest x-ray

5. Blood cultures

6. Sputum culture

Medical management:-

Pulmonary TB is treated primarily with 

anti -TB agents for 6 to 12 months.

Currently TB. Therapy required four first line medication .

1. Isoniazid (300 mg max daily/adult)

2. Rifampin (600mg max daily/adult)

3. Pyrazinamide( 2 g max daily/adult)

4. Ethambutol ( 1.6g max daily/ adult)

Prevention:-

1. Keep distance from infected person

2. Isolation of TB person should be done

3. Provide adequate nutrition

4. Always cover your nose and mouth with mask when contacting with susceptible person.

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