Skip to main content

Influenza

Influenza is a highly infectious disease and also known as flu.

Causative agent:-
Influenza is caused by influenza virus.

Classification of influenza:-

They are classified into three types A, B and C type.




Etiology:-

Influenza is transmitted by Direct contact with contaminated birds infected with this virus. In all classification of influenza influenza type A (H1N1) is more pathogenic . infection can also be spread when infected person coughs or sneeze, droplets get spread  in the air and a healthy person inhale those aerosol.

Incubation period:-

Incubation period of influenza ranges from 1 to 4 days.

Pathophysiology:-

Direct contact with infected animal or person
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
Invasion of airway and respiratory tract
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
Cellular dysfunction and degeneration with viral replication
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
Release of viral progeny
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
Inflammatory response
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
                             |
Systemic symptoms


Clinical manifestations:-

1.fever (38°C to 39°C)
2. Backpain
3.legspain
4.cough
5. Nasal congestion and runny nose
6. Fatigue
7. Headache
8. Watering eyes
9. Reddened eyes
10. Petechial rash


Diagnosis:-

1. Physical examination
2. Viral culture of nasopharyngeal or throat sample
3. Chest radiography
4. Assessment for pain and any other symptoms.

Medical management:-

1. Providing adequate rest.
2. Plenty of fluids.
3. Medication sach as acetaminophen to reduce fever , headache and muscles aches.
4. Antiviral treatment :- 
Antiviral medicine like oseltamivir and zanamivir can't cure influenza but they reduce the severity and duration of symptoms .


Prevention:-

The most important prevention from influenza is getting vaccination each year .
Inactive  influenza vaccine consists of strain of influenza type A , H3N2 and H1N1 and type B for parenteral use .



Thanks for reading 
Follow us on instagram





Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Please don't enter any spam link in comment box.

Popular posts from this blog

Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease is disorder of neurological movement which eventually leads to disability because of decreased level of dopamine . Pathophysiology:- Clinical manifestations:- Cardinal signs of Parkinson Disease are :- 1. Tremor 2. Rigidity 3. Bradykinesia 4. Postural instability 5. Uncontrolled sweating 6. Drooling  7. Paroxysmal flushing  8. Orthostatic hypothension 9. Gastric retention 10. Urinary retention 11. Constipation 12. Sexual dysfunction 13. Anxiety 14. Dysphagia 15. Dementia 16. Stress  Subtypes of Parkinson Disease:- 1. Tremor dominant  - symptoms are absent 2. Nontremor dominant - postural instability - rigidity - bradykinesia Diagnosis:- 1. Patient history  2. Presences of cardinal signs 3. Neurological examination 4. Diagnosis confirmed with postive response of levodopa ( artificial dopamine ) 5. Single Photon emission computer tomography  Management :- Treatment is to directed towards controlling of symptoms and maintenance of...
1 comment
Read more

Pertussis

Pertussis:- Pertussis is highly contagious disease affecting respiratory tract. Cause:- It is caused by bacteria Bordetella pertussis And it is also known as whooping cough because it made hard to breathe and while coughing a whooping sound is produced. Etiology:-  It is transmitted from infected person to no infected person by droplets and spread from person to person. Pathophysiology:- Inhalation of the aerosolized droplets | | | | | Attachment to and damage of ciliated respiratory epithelium | | | | | | Involvement of nasopharynx,bronchi and bronchioles | | | | | | Accumulation of the debris in respiratory tract | | | | | | Mucus production | | | | | | Coughing, breathing difficulty and whooping cough Diagnosis:- 1. History of typical signs and symptoms  2. Physical examination 3. Nasopharyngeal swabs test  4. Blood test. 5. Monitoring heart rate  6 . monitoring respiratory rate. Medical management:- Supportive therapy is the basis of the treatment of pertussis. 1...
Post a Comment
Read more

poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is highly contagious disease and mainly affects the nervous system after affecting nervous system it can result in permanent paralysis. Causative agent:- It is caused by the virus poliovirus. Etiology:- This virus is transmitted from person to person through fecal matter .it mainly affects the young child , pregnant women and person   with week immune system. This virus also spread through contaminated food or direct contact with infected person. Pathophysiology:- Virus enter in the body                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |       ...
1 comment
Read more