Influenza

Influenza is a highly infectious disease and also known as flu.

Causative agent:-

Influenza is caused by influenza virus.

Classification of influenza:-

They are classified into three types A, B and C type.

Etiology:-

Influenza is transmitted by Direct contact with contaminated birds infected with this virus. In all classification of influenza influenza type A (H1N1) is more pathogenic . infection can also be spread when infected person coughs or sneeze, droplets get spread  in the air and a healthy person inhale those aerosol.

Incubation period:-

Incubation period of influenza ranges from 1 to 4 days.

Pathophysiology:-

Direct contact with infected animal or person

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Invasion of airway and respiratory tract

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Cellular dysfunction and degeneration with viral replication

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Release of viral progeny

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Inflammatory response

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Systemic symptoms

Clinical manifestations:-

1.fever (38°C to 39°C)

2. Backpain

3.legspain

4.cough

5. Nasal congestion and runny nose

6. Fatigue

7. Headache

8. Watering eyes

9. Reddened eyes

10. Petechial rash

Diagnosis:-

1. Physical examination

2. Viral culture of nasopharyngeal or throat sample

3. Chest radiography

4. Assessment for pain and any other symptoms.

Medical management:-

1. Providing adequate rest.

2. Plenty of fluids.

3. Medication sach as acetaminophen to reduce fever , headache and muscles aches.

4. Antiviral treatment :- 

Antiviral medicine like oseltamivir and zanamivir can't cure influenza but they reduce the severity and duration of symptoms .

Prevention:-

The most important prevention from influenza is getting vaccination each year .

Inactive  influenza vaccine consists of strain of influenza type A , H3N2 and H1N1 and type B for parenteral use .

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