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Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease is disorder of neurological movement which eventually leads to disability because of decreased level of dopamine . Pathophysiology:- Clinical manifestations:- Cardinal signs of Parkinson Disease are :- 1. Tremor 2. Rigidity 3. Bradykinesia 4. Postural instability 5. Uncontrolled sweating 6. Drooling  7. Paroxysmal flushing  8. Orthostatic hypothension 9. Gastric retention 10. Urinary retention 11. Constipation 12. Sexual dysfunction 13. Anxiety 14. Dysphagia 15. Dementia 16. Stress  Subtypes of Parkinson Disease:- 1. Tremor dominant  - symptoms are absent 2. Nontremor dominant - postural instability - rigidity - bradykinesia Diagnosis:- 1. Patient history  2. Presences of cardinal signs 3. Neurological examination 4. Diagnosis confirmed with postive response of levodopa ( artificial dopamine ) 5. Single Photon emission computer tomography  Management :- Treatment is to directed towards controlling of symptoms and maintenance of...
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Pertussis

Pertussis:- Pertussis is highly contagious disease affecting respiratory tract. Cause:- It is caused by bacteria Bordetella pertussis And it is also known as whooping cough because it made hard to breathe and while coughing a whooping sound is produced. Etiology:-  It is transmitted from infected person to no infected person by droplets and spread from person to person. Pathophysiology:- Inhalation of the aerosolized droplets | | | | | Attachment to and damage of ciliated respiratory epithelium | | | | | | Involvement of nasopharynx,bronchi and bronchioles | | | | | | Accumulation of the debris in respiratory tract | | | | | | Mucus production | | | | | | Coughing, breathing difficulty and whooping cough Diagnosis:- 1. History of typical signs and symptoms  2. Physical examination 3. Nasopharyngeal swabs test  4. Blood test. 5. Monitoring heart rate  6 . monitoring respiratory rate. Medical management:- Supportive therapy is the basis of the treatment of pertussis. 1...
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poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is highly contagious disease and mainly affects the nervous system after affecting nervous system it can result in permanent paralysis. Causative agent:- It is caused by the virus poliovirus. Etiology:- This virus is transmitted from person to person through fecal matter .it mainly affects the young child , pregnant women and person   with week immune system. This virus also spread through contaminated food or direct contact with infected person. Pathophysiology:- Virus enter in the body                          |                          |                          |                          |                          |       ...
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