smallpox

Smallpox:-

Smallpox is an acute contagious disease caused by variola virus ( a member of orthopoxvirus family).

Note :-

It is eradicated worldwide by 1980.

Epidemiology:-

- Smallpox was a major killer all over the world. An international campaign by the world health organization led to smallpox eradication.

- The last active case of smallpox occurred in bihar on May 17, 1975.

- smallpox had been eradicated from India since 1977.

Etiology:-

Smallpox most often transmitted through air by droplets by a infected person coughing , sneezing or talking .

- smallpox also spread through contact with contaminated clothing and bedding and by blood .

Pathophysiology:-

Inhalation of the droplets

Viral replication in mucous

Viremia

Dissemination to the skin and organs

Toxemia phase

Appearance of the symptoms

Incubation period :-

7 to 12 days after contact with virus.

Clinical manifestations:-

1. Fever

2. Overall discomfort

3. Headache

4. Sever fatigue

5.sever back pain

6. In rare condition vomiting and diarrhea.

7. Red spots on face ,hands and forearm.

If untreated red spots turn into blisters which may contain clear fluid and pus.

Diagnosis:-

1. If any confirmed case of smallpox occurred then it would be considered as international health emergency.

2. Complete and carefully observed the spots and physical assessment of the patient.

Medical management :-

1. To control the spread of the virus people who have smallpox would be admitted to hospital and should under isolation .

2. Staff providing care to patients should wear well fitted N95 masks and other highly quality respirators.

3. Waste ,linen and soiled should be placed under biohazard bags and must autoclave before washing them.

4. All people who had contact with patients would receive smallpox vaccination .

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