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Yello fever is an acute systemic illness , It is caused by virus flavivirus . Transmission :- It is transmitted to human by mosqitoes namely culicine. Etiology:- This disease is caused by virus and transmitted to human by mosqitoes from infected monkey or humans. It is a zoonotic disease mainly affecting monkeys and other vertebrates. Pathophysiology:- Transmission of virus from mosqitoes                                |                                |                                |                                |                                |             ...

Tuberculosis is the infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs parenchyma and it may also transmitted to other parts of body like meninges, kidney,bones and lymph nodes. Cause :- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the infectious agent which produces tb but sometimes mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium rarely associated with development of tb . Pathophysiology:- Mycobacterium tubercule bacilli                             |                             |                             |                             |                             | Inflammation in alveoli                    ...

It occurs in people who received mechanical ventilation.it is subtype of hospital acquired pneumonia and also a nosocomial infection or healthcare associated infections (HAI). Etiology The endotracheal or tracheostomy tube allow free passage to bacteria for the lungs of individual suffering from lungs and immune disorders. Pathophysiology Poor oral care           |           |           |           |           | Accumulation of purulent secretions           |           |           |           |           | Imbalance between host immunity and microbial factors           |           |           |           |           | ...

Pertussis:- Pertussis is highly contagious disease affecting respiratory tract. Cause:- It is caused by bacteria Bordetella pertussis And it is also known as whooping cough because it made hard to breathe and while coughing a whooping sound is produced. Etiology:-  It is transmitted from infected person to no infected person by droplets and spread from person to person. Pathophysiology:- Inhalation of the aerosolized droplets | | | | | Attachment to and damage of ciliated respiratory epithelium | | | | | | Involvement of nasopharynx,bronchi and bronchioles | | | | | | Accumulation of the debris in respiratory tract | | | | | | Mucus production | | | | | | Coughing, breathing difficulty and whooping cough Diagnosis:- 1. History of typical signs and symptoms  2. Physical examination 3. Nasopharyngeal swabs test  4. Blood test. 5. Monitoring heart rate  6 . monitoring respiratory rate. Medical management:- Supportive therapy is the basis of the treatment of pertussis. 1...

Diphtheria:- Diptheria is a acute infection caused by the bacteria corynebacterium diptheria . Nature of bacteria:- Corynebacterium diphtheria is a facultative anaerobic and gram positive bacteria. Etiology:- It is spread through droplets of a infected person or someone who carries it. Once infection occurred the bacteria produce toxins and toxin spread  Through other organ through blood circulation and cause damage the organ such a heart and brain . Pathophysiology:- Diptheria bacilli in the nasopharynx                            |                            |                            |                            |                    ...

Dengue:- Dengue fever is so painful mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus. Mosquito involved:- Aedes mosquito infected by dengue virus. Pathophysiology:- Dengue virus                 |                 |                 |                 |                 | Dengue infection                 |                 |                 |                 |                 | Multiplication of virus                 |                 |                 | ...

Leprosy:-  Leprosy is the infection of the skin sore and nerver damage in the legs or arms . Cause:- It is caused by mycobacterium leprae. It is aslo known as Hansen disease after the scientists who discovered it (m.leprae in 1873). Pathophysiology:- It is classified into 3 types after the number and types of skin sores. 1. Intermediate:-       This type include early cases with hypopigmented macules and sensory impairment. 2. Tuberculoid:-  -  It is less contagious than other forms.  - a mild and less sever form of leprosy people often have one or few patches of fat and pale colored skin. 3. Lepromatous:-    It is most sever form of disease and has widespread skin bumps and rashes.  - The nose and kidney and male reproductive organs may also affected. - it is more contagious than tuberculoid leprosy.   4. Borderline :-   People with this type of leprosy has symptoms of both tuber...

Smallpox:- Smallpox is an acute contagious disease caused by  variola virus ( a member of orthopoxvirus family). Note :-              It is eradicated worldwide by 1980. Epidemiology:-     -      Smallpox was a major killer all over the world. An international campaign by the world health organization led to smallpox eradication. - The last active case of smallpox occurred in bihar on May 17, 1975. - smallpox had been eradicated from India since 1977. Etiology:- Smallpox most often transmitted through air by droplets by a infected person coughing , sneezing or talking . - smallpox also spread through contact with contaminated clothing and bedding and by blood . Pathophysiology:- Inhalation of the droplets                        |                        |   ...

Chicken pox:- It is common and highly contagious illness that causes itching rash and blisters all over the body and mostly occurred in children. Cause:- The virus varicella zoster . Etiology:- -Chickenpox can affect healthy person if he/she comes on contact with infected person who sneezing ,cough or sharing food or drinks or touching the blisters of chicken pox. -Chickenpox can be spread from 2 to 3 days before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over.  Pathophysiology:-    Infection of conjunctiva or upper respiratory tract.                          |                          |                          |                          |             ...

Malaria   Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by plasmodium And transmitted by bite of female Anopheles mosquito. Etiology. The plasmodium is spread by night -biting By female mosquito because they commonly bite between dark and dawn . Note:- in rare cases it may spread through blood transfusion . Climatic conditions:-   it is common in temperate climates but it disappeared in winters. Pathophysiology:-          Bite of infected mosquito                           |                           |                           |                           |                           |  Parasites (sporozoites...

Tetanus It is acute and highly fetal disease caused by clostridium tetani,which can forms spores and spores can survive in soil and dust for many years. Etiology They can enter in body by following ways. 1 Animal bites 2 skin burn 3 Abrasions and laceration 4 injecting drug with contaminated needless. 5 Tattoos and body which piercing made by unsterile equipment. 6 circumcision Pathophysiology Clostridium tetani enter in body                           |                          |                          |                          |                          |        Multiplication and release of te...

Communicable diseases are the disease which are spread and transfer from one infected person to other non infected person by air , through contact with contaminated surfaces , blood contact ,stool ,or any other bodily fluids. Some types of communicable diseases are * pulmonary Tuberculosis *Diarrhoea * Hepatitis (A,B,C,D and E) * Herpes zoster *  smallpox *  chickenpox *Typhoid *Plague *Gas gangrene * Leprosy * Dengue * malaria * Diptheria * Pertussis * poliomyelitis *Measles * mumps * influenza * Tetanus * yellow fever * filariasis *Covid 19 And also read Hospital associated infection Thanks for reading Any queries ask us on instagram @themedicoswale follow us on instagram