leprosy

Leprosy:-

 Leprosy is the infection of the skin sore and nerver damage in the legs or arms .

Cause:-

It is caused by mycobacterium leprae.

It is aslo known as Hansen disease after the scientists who discovered it (m.leprae in 1873).

Pathophysiology:-

It is classified into 3 types after the number and types of skin sores.

1. Intermediate:-

      This type include early cases with hypopigmented macules and sensory impairment.

2. Tuberculoid:-

 -  It is less contagious than other forms.

 - a mild and less sever form of leprosy people often have one or few patches of fat and pale colored skin.

3. Lepromatous:-

   It is most sever form of disease and has widespread skin bumps and rashes.

 - The nose and kidney and male reproductive organs may also affected.

- it is more contagious than tuberculoid leprosy.

 

4. Borderline :-

  People with this type of leprosy has symptoms of both tuberculoid and lepromatous forms.

5. Pure neuritic:-

  In this type involvement of nerve but not skin .

Source of transmission:-

It may be transmitted from one person to another through droplets , Direct contact ,by insect , tattoo needle and breast milk.

Clinical manifestations:-

 

1.Leprosy affects the skin and nerves outside the brain and spinal cord ( peripheral nerves).

2. Skin sores are pale colored

3. Loss of feeling in ths arm and legs due to nerves damage and muscles weakness.

Incubation period:-

Usually 3 to 5 years to appears symptoms.

Diagnosis:-

1. Health history and physical assessment.

2. AFB by nasal smears and skin smears.

3. Biopsy of the lesion.

4. Serological and immunological test.

5. Histamine test.

6. CBC .

7. Keratinize level

8. Liver function test.

Medical management:-

1. Dapsone 

2. Rifampicin

3. Clofazimine

4. Quinoline

5. Minocycline

6. Azithromycin

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