myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is also called heart attack.

In myocardial infarction the clot is formed in coronary arteries of heart and it causes lack of blood supply to heart and due to lack of oxygen ischemia and necrosis of myocardium cells occur and lack of oxygen results in infraction or death of cells.

Etiology:- 

1. Use of tobacco products

2. Living in extremely hot or cool 

3. Smoking 

4. Atherosclerosis

5. High BMI

6. Extreme fat level

Pathophysiology:-

Pathophysiology are described in a picture

Clinical manifestations:-

1. Sudden or continue chest pain.

2. Shortness of breath

3. Indigestion

4.nausea

5. Anxiety

6. Skin may be cool ,pale and moist 

7. Faster heart rate 

8. Faster respiratory rate

Diagnosis:-

1.patient history:-

2. Electrocardiogram

3. Echocardiogram

4. Laboratory test :- specially Troponin ,creatine kinase and isoenzymes, myoglobin.

Management:-

After suspect MI care should be started immediately.

Initially management:-

1. Oxygen therapy

2. Aspirin

3. Nitroglycerin

4. Morphine

5. Thrombolytic therapy

If initial management failed then patient must be under intensive care unit.

Under ICU thrombolytic therapy and pharmacology management include Aspirin ,beta blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors should be continues.

Prevention:-

1. Pursue activities that reduces stress and provide relief

2. Maintenance of BMI

3. Stop smoking and tobacco

4. Keep blood glucose level in control

5. Avoid extreme heat and cold.

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