Ventilation associated pneumonia

It occurs in people who received mechanical ventilation.it is subtype of hospital acquired pneumonia and also a nosocomial infection or healthcare associated infections (HAI).

Etiology

The endotracheal or tracheostomy tube allow free passage to bacteria for the lungs of individual suffering from lungs and immune disorders.

Pathophysiology

Poor oral care
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Accumulation of purulent secretions
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Imbalance between host immunity and microbial factors
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Ventilator Associated pneumonia

Clinical manifestations

1 fever
2 leukocytosis
3 purulent secretions
4 Reduction in gas exchange

Diagnosis

It's should be suspected in any person on ventilator which shows

 High numbers of WBC count and infiltrate chest x-ray

Blood cultures may disclose the microorganisms .

Prevention

1. Discontinue mechanical ventilation as soon as possible
 2. Practicing good hand washing
3. using sterile techniques for invasive procedures
4. Isolation of patient
5. Raising the head of bed atleast 30 degree .
6. Antiseptic mouthwash such as
cholorhexidin

Medical management

1. Start empiric antibiotics at the time of suspicious of infection
2. Choose antibiotics therapy on the basis of resistance pattern in the hospital area.
3. Reassess the antibiotics therapy on the basis of sign and symptoms
4. Stop antibiotics after 8 days or after blood cultures report.

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