yello fever

Yello fever is an acute systemic illness ,

It is caused by virus flavivirus .

Transmission :-

It is transmitted to human by mosqitoes namely culicine.

Etiology:-

This disease is caused by virus and transmitted to human by mosqitoes from infected monkey or humans.

It is a zoonotic disease mainly affecting monkeys and other vertebrates.

Pathophysiology:-

Transmission of virus from mosqitoes

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Replication of virus in lymph nodes

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Spread of infection to hepatocytes

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Eosinophils degradation occur

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Release of cytokine

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 Apperance of necrotic mass in cytoplasm of hepatocytes.

Clinical manifestations:-

Early signs are same as influenza virus and may also include headache , muscle and joint aches, and fever.

Note :- these disease proceeds in three stages 

Stage 1:- acute stage

This stage usually lasts for 3-4 days .

1. Headache

2. Fever

3. Flushing 

4. Loss of appetite.

5. Shivers

6. Backache.

Stage 2:- Remission stage 

At this stage people gradually feels better and most of people recover fully at this stage.

Stage 3 :- Toxic stage

This is most serious stage out of three stages and symptoms comes back with new symptoms like

1. urination 

2. abdominal pain 

3. Vomitting

4.heart rhythm

5. Liver failure

6. Kidney failure

7.seizures

8. Delirium.

Diagnosis:-

1. Physical assessment

2. Epidemiology history of disease

3. Immunization records

4. Conjuctival injection

5. Facial flushing

6. Blood test confirm the diagnosis.

Medical management:-

In this disease only systematic treatment are provided to the patient because there is no definitive treatment available for yellow fever.

1. Providing iv fluids therapy

2. Providing oxygen therapy.

3. Blood transfusion if required

4. Maintenance of B.p

5. Dialysis if required

6. Any other complications

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